A traditional bibliography is a list of works and resources used by the writer, generally detailing the citation information about the particular source such as the author(s), date of publication, title, publisher's name and location, issue/page numbers, etc. These citations are used to assist the reader find the sources used by the author in the writing of their work.
An annotated bibliography includes the traditional citation, as well as a descriptive evaluation of the content and value of the work. This allows future readers and researchers to quickly determine if the cited work is valuable for their interests and purposes. In general, most annotations are the length of a short paragraph (approximately 150 words); they may be written in full sentences or as a series of verb phrases, depending on what the instructor is looking for.
The number of sources included in the annotated bibliography vary based on the assignment; be sure to check with your instructor for specific guidelines.
1. Definition
A bibliography is usually thought of as an alphabetical listing of books at the end of a written work (book, book chapter, or article), to which the author referred during the research and writing process. In addition to books, bibliographies can include sources such as articles, reports, interviews, or even non-print resources like Web sites, video or audio recordings. Because they may include such varied resources, bibliographies are also referred to as 'references', 'works cited' or 'works consulted' (the latter can include those titles that merely contributed to research, but were not specifically cited in text). The standard bibliography details the citation information of the consulted sources: author(s), date of publication, title, and publisher's name and location (and for articles: journal title, volume, issue and page numbers). The primary function of bibliographic citations is to assist the reader in finding the sources used in the writing of a work.
To these basic citations, the annotated bibliography adds descriptive and evaluative comments (i.e., an annotation), assessing the nature and value of the cited works. The addition of commentary provides the future reader or researcher essential critical information and a foundation for further research.
While an annotation can be as short as one sentence, the average entry in an annotated bibliography consists of a work's citation information followed by a short paragraph of three to six sentences, roughly 150 words in length. Similar to the literature review, except for the shorter length of its entries, the annotated bibliography is compiled by:
Annotations begin on the line following the citation data and may be composed with complete sentences or as verb phrases (the cited work being understood as the subject)—again at the discretion of the instructor. The annotation should include most, if not all, of the following:
Although these are many of the same features included in a literature review, the emphasis of bibliographic annotation should be on brevity.
Not to be confused with the abstract—which merely gives a summary of the main points of a work—the annotated bibliography always describes and often evaluates those points. Whether an annotated bibliography concludes an article or book—or is even itself a comprehensive, book-length listing of sources—its purposes are the same:
courtesy: UC Santa Cruz University Library
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